In LC-MS analysis, what are matrix effects and how can they be mitigated?

In LC-MS analysis, what are matrix effects and how can they be mitigated?

• A. Matrix effects are changes in solvent color that affect detector response; mitigated by changing the solvent.
• B. Matrix effects are ionization suppression or enhancement caused by co-eluting compounds.
• C. Matrix effects are ion suppression or enhancement caused by co-eluting compounds; mitigated by isotopically labeled internal standards, better sample prep, chromatographic separation, and matrix-matched calibration.
• D. Matrix effects are changes in pH that alter ionization; mitigated by adjusting buffers.

Answer: (C)